Evidence of Layered Positional and Directional Constraints in the Voynich Manuscript: Implications for Cipher-Like Structure

This research systematically analyzes the Voynich Manuscript's grapheme sequences, identifying unique directional constraints—right-to-left within words and left-to-right at word boundaries—not found in comparison languages. It further evaluates structured generators like slot-based and Cardan grille models, finding none fully reproduce the manuscript's structural signatures.