Land cover and flood type govern the detection limits of satellite-based flood mapping across diverse global flood events

This research assesses the operational reliability of satellite-based flood mapping using geospatial foundation models, specifically Prithvi-EO-2.0, across 19 diverse global flood events. Detection accuracy was found to be jointly dependent on land cover and flood type, with higher agreement in croplands and riverine events, and significantly lower detection in tree cover and built-up areas.